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supply undertaking, were 12,000-kVA three-phase groups and represented
a big step forward in capacity as well as voltage. Large single-phase
25-c/s transformers, forming 23,400-kVA three-phase groups, were also
supplied for the Dalmarnock power station, Glasgow.
New
switchgear designs were beginning to appear. As early as 1906 the
Company had made a totally enclosed mining pillar, having an oil
circuit-breaker and compound-immersed busbars, and 1909 saw the
introduction of its first drawout mining switch, which was called
the 'S type' after the designer, H. R. Schultz. This was the direct
forbear of really flameproof mining gear and, later, of the modern
type of high-capacity drawout metalclad switchgear.
At
this time the race between the ability of generating plant to deliver
ever larger short-circuit currents and of switchgear to interrupt
these currents had been temporarily lost. The American designs of
circuit breaker were therefore considerably changed, and F. B. Holt
produced the 'H type', which initially went up to 350 MVA at 33
kV. This first step beyond generating voltage enabled the Company
to compete successfully in the continental markets where high voltage
transmission was being introduced.
The
increasing complexity of British main distribution systems emphasized
the need for more rapid protective relays, and the Merz-Price differential
protective system, either current or voltage balance, was accepted
as the solution. The Company not only designed such equipment but
also developed many variants, which were needed for unusual conditions.
Induction relays were introduced to replace the less reliable solenoid
types.
In
meters the largest business lay overseas, where its development
required a small and cheap a.c. meter, particularly for countries
with import duties. The first design met with manufacturing difficulties
and was accordingly modified by T. W. Ross. His new meter fitted
with a cyclometer register was cheap, small, and exceedingly accurate,
and it sold in large quantities abroad, at one time over 2000 a
week
A.c.
meters being firmly established, the Company turned its attention
to the d.c. field, which provided the main market in this country.
It was decided in 1909 to develop an ampere-hour meter of the commutator
type, and North therefore made a slow-speed design with tungsten
magnets and a thin aluminium disc, which carried flat coils of aluminium
strip fed from a three-part commutator; later a change was made
to silk-covered copper wire for the coils, which were mounted between
two thin aluminium discs spun together at the edges.
Motor
generator sets for main rolling mill drives were originally equipped
with flywheels having a central bore for the shaft. As such wheels
were inherently weak, W. E. Taylor, now head of the rolling mill
section, put forward a solid design having central bosses for coupling
to flanged shafts. The unpierced flywheel, which was stronger and
had a higher factor of safety than the pierced type, was adopted
by the Company as standard in 1914.
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