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supply frequency has been supplied for processes such as the shrinking
of steel tyres on to wagon wheels, the heating of moulds for die casting,
and the annealing of joints in situ to release welding stresses.
Heavy
current transformers with three-phase ratings up to 6000 kVA 20,000
A have been made for arc furnaces used for the production of special
steels. The tappings are controlled by a motor-operated off-circuit
tap changer on the high voltage side.
Heating
with infra-red lamps has been applied successfully to a wide range
of processes in various industries, notably the boot and shoe trade.
Tubular-sheathed
heating elements are made in lengths up to 8 ft and can be equipped
with various heat-resisting sheaths, including one to withstand
temperatures up to 800°C. They have been developed for many
industrial heating applications, among the most successful being
the electrical heating of large stereo-metal pots in newspaper foundries;
the first of these equipments was supplied to a Manchester newspaper
in 1939. The latest application of tubular-sheathed elements is
for infra-red heating: compared with infra-red lamps they give a
longer wavelength and greater intensities, which are an advantage
in some processes. A range of sheathed element infra-red heaters
with reflectors has been developed.
LIGHTING
The design of lighting fittings made a good start in 1938 with the
Trafford streetlighting lantern, designed to house a 400-watt
mercury discharge lamp burning horizontally. The Trafford was the
first British-made lantern with an enclosed refractor bowl, and
its daylight appearance, the importance of which is sometimes overlooked,
has received the blessing of the Royal Fine Art Commission; it is
now recognized as a standard type in its field. A complete range
of industrial fittings was developed to match the 80-watt fluorescent
tubular lamp put on the market in 1940, and these have been installed
by factories all over the country. Other fittings were produced
to correspond with the new lengths of lamp introduced after the
war, and the series has been extended to the more decorative types
for nonindustrial use.
In
1948 the research staff and lighting engineers produced the 'SO
Fifty' streetlighting lantern, which breaks away from conventional
design, being made almost entirely of Perspex. The SO Fifty is believed
to be the first all-enclosed lantern of the bowl refractor type
for sodium lamps, and, like the Trafford, it has been passed by
the Royal Fine Art Commission.
The
Company's engineers have collaborated in the design of many large
lighting installations, both industrial and decorative. Outstanding
among them are the pioneer fluorescent lighting in the public rooms
of the liners Orion and Orcades and the lighting of Wembley Pool
and Stadium, where special fittings were developed for the different
sporting events.
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